When a router is not directly accessible, we mostly use either SSH or telnet to configure a router. In this article, we will explore the use of Python script to establish telnet access to a router. We will be simulating this lab within GNS3 software. I directly connected GNS3 to my laptop (PC). It’s worth…
Network automation is becoming an essential part of computer networking. With the help of network automation, we use software to automate our daily tasks through Python script. Network automation helps us to configure our network from a centralized location. Here, we will write a script and then implement it on the networking device. We will…
GNS3 is a famous network simulator through which network engineers and students make their network design, to test it before deployment. It supports many vendors” devices. it is an open-source software and is widely used in the industry. We can connect it to a real network or to our laptop, to test our network design….
Subnet Mask The subnet mask is a 32-bit number, which tells about which is the network portion and which is the host portion of an IP address. As we know from classful IP addresses, that is the network portion and the host portion. But in the case of subnetting, we don’t know about the network…
Sometimes we want to sit near our computer network devices, such as routers and switches, to collect information about connected network devices without the need to go there. We can perform such tasks through CDP and LLDP. CDP stands for Cisco Discovery Protocol while LLDP stands for Link Layer Discovery Protocol. Both perform the same…
Memorizing the IP address of a few devices is easy, but it is very hard to remember every device’s IP address on the computer network. Sometimes, we forget the IP address of the device and then check the routing table or any other table on the computer. As we can’t remember every website IP address…
SSH stands for secure shell. SSH is a cryptographic protocol which encrypts networking data. When data is flowing in an unencrypted network, then a hacker can see the data, which later he/she can misuse that data. So, when SSH encrypts that data, then a middleman can not see the information. Moreover, SSH uses a client-server…
Telent or virtual terminal line is an application protocol that we use it to configure a device to get its information and run the program remotely. To configure a network through Telnet it should configure the network with proper IP address connectivity. Telent works at port number 23 without transmission encryption. The data between the…
Maintaining a user activity record is important in the organization. If there is any loss in the organization or another place in the world, then the last and final stage is to check its user activity. The activity shows how they did it and when they did it. Various tools can collect records of user…
FTP stands for the file transfer protocol. We use an FTP server to store our data. FTP is a centralized location in an organization where all users store their data for daily purposes. We can also use an FTP server to store Cisco router IOS backup. So, whenever a network engineer or network administrator wants…
Maintaining network devices is an important job role of a network administrator. He is performing day-to-day network device configuration. Among other devices, there are also routers in his/her responsibilities. Sometimes, he lost the router Password. He is trying to find a solution to log into the router but he fails. The last option is to…
Backup and restoration a Cisco IOS is an essential task for a network administrator or network engineer. We back up our Cisco device IOS for backup purposes. In the case of an IOS failure in a Cisco device, we have the option to restore its IOS, which we backed up some time ago. We also…
Normally, we connect the computer to a router through the switch. In this article, we will explain, How we connect our computer to a router in a Cisco packet tracer. As we drag and drop the PC, Switch, and Router in the working area, The next phase is to connect all of them with each…
Connecting a PC to a router is a basic lab in computer networking and any simulator software. We connect our PC to the router for different purposes. Sometimes we want to check connectivity between any two stations. We want first to connect the PC directly with the router. Sometimes, we want to take router configuration…
Connecting Computers to a switch in the packet tracer is the basic lab. Normally this type of lab is considered in a Lan environment, where computers are connected to each other via a switch. Here in this lab, I will use four computers with one Cisco 2950 switch model. We will connect each PC to…
Connecting a PC to a router is an important Lab in Packet Tracer. It is a basic lab in Packet Tracer. To connect the PC to a router, 1st click on the network devices, then click on the router. Click on your desired router. In my case, I am selecting the 2811 router by dragging…
IP stands for Internet protocol. With the help of IP addresses, we uniquely identify a device in the computer network. All the devices in the network have one unique identifier, which is called an IP address. The IP address enables us to transfer files from one computer to another computer. It is a logical address…
A password is a primary protection mechanism to secure a device. Cisco uses different types of passwords to restrict access to its devices, such as routers, switches, firewalls, etc. We have explained configuring different Cisco router passwords to restrict a user from accessing the router privilege exec mode. In the router privilege exec mode, a…
Packet tracer is a network simulator software. Network professionals and students use it to design and learn networks. Cisco Systems Incorporated developed it. Here, In this paragraph, we will explore the basics of it. It is easy to download, install, and manage. As compared to other network-simulating software, it requires fewer resources, such as RAM,…
Cisco IOS Cisco iOS is an essential part of computer networking devices. The Cisco routers, switches, and ASA Firewalls use IOS as an operating system installed in it. IOS is the core software of all Cisco devices. We must be familiar with the Cisco router and switch configuration commands, which are managed by IOS. We…
Cisco Endpoint devices Cisco end-point devices are those devices that work at the end of the network. Cisco end-point devices include, IP Phone, web mobile, and desktop client Through telepresence, we can make ultra-HD video calls. Examples of telepresence end-point devices are: Through it, we make our video conferencing calls Benefits
There are many types of devices, which are used in the computer networking industry. We use some devices for small offices or homes. Similarly, we used some devices for medium to large networks. Some devices are obsolete like bridge, hub, etc while some devices have made a modification in it that performs its basic functions…
Collision domain and Broadcast domain are the two important terms in the computer networking subject. it defines how data will access the medium. If more than one device sends data at the same time, then there is a chance to collide that data with another device’s data. Also, the Broadcast domain defines the reachability of…
Computer network topologies are the design of the network. Moreover, computer network topologies define how computers will connect to each other and how devices will communicate with each other. To create a network, you start by designing how computers will connect. Subsequently, the connectivity between the computers is called topology. There are two types of…
TCP/IP Model stands for transmission control protocol/ Internet Protocol. It is also called TCP/IP Suit. It is the most popular model in the history of computer networking. Every operating system supports it whether it is Windows, Linux, Unix, or Mac. it is an open standard model. This model follows a layered approach. There are 4…
We use a console cable for the configuration of a Cisco router or switch. It is a copper rollover cable that connects the PC directly to the router or switches for configuration purposes. Normally the length of a console cable is 1 to 2 meters. We connect it to the PC through the COM1 or…
In this article, I will teach you how to connect two computers to a Cisco packet tracer. For this reason, first, take two PCs from [end devices], then connect them by crossover cable from [connection] in the Packet Tracer. It is the basic starter lab for a student entering into computer networking fields. A student…
Packet Tracer A packet tracer is easy to install and easy to make a computer network by dragging and dropping network devices and end devices. I am going to start with a very basic lab in packet tracer. The first lab starts with how to connect two PCs in a packet tracer. For this reason,…
Just like Pick a Dresser, GNS3 is another simulation software that is free and open source software licensed by GNS GPL Version-3. IT stands for graphical network simulator. it is also an emulation software.GNS3 is a popular network emulation software, which people use it for designing, testing, and simulating complex network topologies. They released it…
Packet Tracer Packet Tracer is a special computer program. People like students and engineers use it. They use it to make computer networks design on the computer. Through it, we can simulate network devices like routers, switches, and computers on the screen and make a picture of how the network works. Cisco Systems developed it…
Two Stanford University computer science scientists found Cisco, Leonard Basab & Sandy Lerner. Their task was to connect Stanford University computers. They created a box that worked as a multi-protocol Router called “The Blue Box”. The Cisco name is derived from the city name “San Francisco”. Its logo represents the two towers of the Golden…
Introduction In 1977, the ISO developed an architecture for data exchange between computers. Finally, in 1984, ISO developed an architecture that they named the “OSI” (Open System for Interconnection) reference model. The OSI reference model is an architecture through which two computers conforming to the reference model and associated standards can exchange data between them….
CCNA certification stands for Cisco certified network associate. Cisco Systems Incorporation is an American multinational company offering certifications for its products, i.e. Routers, Switches, Firewall, etc. There are three levels of certification in the Cisco exam, of which CCNA is the first stage. In this course, students learn about the basics of Cisco routers, switches,…
Anything that is interconnected with each other, then it’s called a network, whether it is a group of people or that is a group of nodes. So, in information technology, “A computer network is a group of nodes connected through a medium for the exchange of information.”The medium through which a computer network is formed…